HPV Vaccine & Cervical Cancer Prevention

Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable forms of cancer—yet it continues to affect thousands of women every year. The primary cause is persistent infection with high-risk types of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a common virus that spreads through intimate skin-to-skin contact. Fortunately, modern medicine offers powerful tools to protect against HPV and drastically reduce the risk of cervical cancer: vaccination and regular screening.

With her focus on preventive women’s health, Dr. Parul Sharma provides expert guidance on HPV vaccination, cervical cancer screening, and lifestyle measures to safeguard reproductive health for women of all ages.

Understanding HPV and Its Risks

HPV is not a single virus but a group of over 100 related viruses. Some types cause common skin warts, while others infect the genital area. Among these, certain “high-risk” strains—most notably HPV-16 and HPV-18—are responsible for the majority of cervical cancer cases.

HPV infections are extremely common. Most are cleared naturally by the immune system within 1–2 years, but in some women, the virus persists and can cause:

• Precancerous changes in the cervix (Cervical dysplasia)
• Cervical cancer
• Other cancers (vaginal, vulvar, anal, throat)
• Genital warts (caused by low-risk types)

Since HPV infection often has no symptoms, women may not know they carry the virus until changes are detected during screening.

Why the HPV Vaccine Matters

The HPV vaccine is a safe and effective way to protect against the most dangerous types of HPV. Studies have shown it can prevent:

• Up to 90% of cervical cancer cases caused by high-risk HPV strains
• Most cases of genital warts
• HPV-related cancers of the vulva, vagina, anus, and throat

The vaccine works best before exposure to HPV—which is why it is recommended for pre-teens, but it also benefits young adults and, in some cases, older individuals who haven’t been vaccinated.

Who Should Get the HPV Vaccine?

Dr. Parul Sharma follows global and national guidelines in recommending:

• Girls and boys aged 9–14 years – Ideal time for maximum immune response before sexual activity begins.
• Women up to age 26 – If not vaccinated earlier, as it still offers strong protection.
• Adults aged 27–45 – Case-by-case basis, depending on sexual history and risk factors.

The vaccine is not a substitute for cervical cancer screening—women still need Pap tests and/or HPV tests at recommended intervals.

HPV Vaccine Schedule & Types

There are several HPV vaccines, including bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent versions, which protect against different combinations of HPV types. The most widely used today is the nonavalent vaccine, which covers 9 HPV strains, including 7 high-risk and 2 low-risk types.

Dosing schedule:

• Ages 9–14 – 2 doses, 6–12 months apart
• Ages 15 and above – 3 doses over 6 months

Dr. Sharma will recommend the right vaccine and schedule based on your age, health, and previous vaccination status.

Safety & Side Effects

The HPV vaccine has been extensively studied worldwide and is proven safe. Side effects are generally mild and temporary, including:

• Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site
• Mild fever
• Headache or fatigue

Severe allergic reactions are extremely rare. Dr. Sharma ensures that each patient is screened for allergies and understands what to expect before vaccination.

Cervical Cancer Screening: Your Second Line of Defence

Even with vaccination, regular screening is essential because the vaccine does not protect against all HPV types. Screening allows early detection and treatment of precancerous changes before they develop into cancer.

Screening options include:

• Pap Smear (Pap Test) – Detects abnormal cells in the cervix.
• HPV DNA Test – Identifies the presence of high-risk HPV types.
• Co-testing – Combines Pap smear and HPV test for greater accuracy.

Recommended screening intervals:

• Women aged 21–29: Pap smear every 3 years
• Women aged 30–65: Pap smear every 3 years, or HPV test every 5 years, or co-testing every 5 years
• Screening may stop after 65 if there is a history of consistently normal results.

Other Measures to Reduce Risk

In addition to vaccination and screening, Dr. Sharma counsels women on lifestyle habits that help protect against HPV infection and cervical cancer:

• Practising safe sex – Using condoms reduces, but does not eliminate, HPV risk.
• Limiting number of sexual partners – Lowers likelihood of exposure to HPV.
• Quitting smoking – Smoking weakens cervical tissue and immune defence.
• Maintaining a strong immune system – Through balanced nutrition, exercise, and adequate sleep.

Special Considerations

• Pregnancy – HPV vaccination is not recommended during pregnancy, but can be given postpartum.
• Women with abnormal Pap results – May still benefit from vaccination to protect against other HPV types.
• Immunocompromised women – May require the full 3-dose schedule even if younger than 15.

When to See a Doctor Immediately

You should seek prompt medical attention if you experience:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially after intercourse
• Persistent pelvic pain
• Unusual vaginal discharge with foul odour
• Visible growths, sores, or warts in the genital area

These symptoms don’t always mean cancer but require evaluation to rule out serious conditions.

Empowering Women Through Prevention

HPV vaccination and regular cervical cancer screening together form a powerful shield against one of the most common cancers in women. With early prevention, most cases of cervical cancer can be avoided entirely.

Dr. Parul Sharma is committed to helping women make informed decisions about their reproductive health. She provides:

• Accurate information on HPV risks and protection
• Access to safe and effective vaccination
• Timely, high-quality screening and follow-up care
• Supportive counselling to address concerns and misconceptions

By taking proactive steps today, you can protect yourself—and future generations—against HPV-related diseases and maintain lifelong cervical health.